Aging Parents - Random things from this season of life, part I

A handful of years ago, I entered the phase of life of helping out in looking after aging parents.  At this moment in 2024, my dad passed on in 2023 while my mom is still alive.

The journey started a handful of years ago when my dad let me know that he had called 911 when my mom has a seizure. I'll keep some of the details vague or altered for privacy reasons. The paramedics took mom to a high level medical facility and was in the ICU for a few days. When the MDs determined ICU was no longer needed she was transferred to Kaiser as she and my dad have Kaiser Medicare Advantage. After KP was satisfied that the situation was resolved as far as hospitalization was concerned, she was sent to a rehab facility.

The rehab facility asked the family to pay for a care aide to help look after the patient as the rehab facility staff to patient ratio is too high. Everything happened fast and never got around to find out if that was really true or not. 

Eventually, mom came home and we hired a care aide through an agency to help my dad look after mom.

Some agencies only serve as a point of contact with care aides and the family makes a contract directly with the care aides. Some care aides work through an agency so the contract is with the agency. Suffice to say good care aides are worth a lot and finding one that is a good fit can take time and I'd say things worked out quite well for us. Of course, there are families who could not afford care aides and family  members take that role making arrangements with works situations and in some cases even forgoing work to be care givers.

It is widely accepted that their are five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Most associate those steps with death but it applies to other major life changes.

As an adult child, I saw my parents as independent and capable and figured that would never change. But of course, they lived long enough that that was no longer the case and I was undoubtedly in denial about that for a long time. As I began to have a part to play in looking after mom and dad, the denial phase was coming to an end because it was staring me in the face. Mom no longer could do all the daily activities of living without help. Dad was of an age where it would be hard for him to help mom by himself. 

The anger, bargaining, and depression phase was all jumbled together. There was the guilt of not seeing that my folks had been in need of help before the crisis had arrived and in a sense I had neglected them and now was not doing enough for them. There were moments of anger that seemed to be directed in all directions and toward whomever was around, as the new situation changed our lives. And finally, there were moments of feeling I could not cope with the changes and became unable to respond to anything. 

It took some time to reach some sort of equilibrium of taking on the role and having some gratitude about the time that remained with my parents.

Russian invasion of Ukraine - did Russia achieve its military goals?

Between US cable news, news from European news programs (Sky UK, France 24, and DW) streaming on YouTube, and checking out think tank web pages, have been trying to get a handle on the military objectives of the Russian invasion. 

Prior to the invasion, the opinion seemed to be falling into two categories: (1) Russia won't invade or (2) the invasion would be limited perhaps to just the eastern part. Some experts described what the "go big" invasion would look like but didn't think it likely they would go that far. 

As we all saw, Russia went all in with a multi-pronged invasion (see map 1).

Map 1 - possible end points of invasion plan

Objective 1 was to capture, kill, or force to flee the central government of Ukraine by seizing Kyiv.

Objective 2 was to cut the country in half by driving toward the Dnieper river and potentially trapping Ukrainian army units in the east of the country.

Objective 3 was to solidify control of the disputed regions of Luhansk and Donetsk. 

Objective 4 was to connect Crimea (annexed in 2014) to Russia with a direct land corridor with a north-easterly invasion.

Objective 5 was to deny Ukraine access to the Black Sea by heading north-west out of Crimea and taking the coastal port of Udesa.

How far did the Russian ground forces get? See map 2.

Map 2 - state of the invasion as of March 29, 2022

Objective 1? 

Russian forces have stalled in the outskirts of Kyiv. The Ukraine government remains in charge and in place in Kyiv.

Objective 2? 

Russian army has laid siege of Kharkiv but haven't advanced much beyond Kharkiv.

Objective 3? 

Haven't seen much news from this region probably because Western news services aren't able to get here suggesting Russia has these areas under control.

Objective 4? 

The siege of Mariupol has been the scene of tremendous destruction. If and when Russia takes control of the city, they will have their "land bridge" from Russia to Crimea.

Objective 5?

Russia has not reached Udesa and have gotten as far Kherson but does not appear able to advanced any further.

One unknown is the degree to which Russia can continue to sustain troop and equipment losses to achieve a revised limited set of aims. 

On the other side, how much material resources can Ukraine continue to receive and how much military personnel do they have to effectively deploy them?

When the cost of war eventually gets too high for both sides then the two side might come to a deal of some kind. It does not appear that point has been reached. Ukraine realizes it will not be joining NATO or the EU anytime soon so it may have to make some concessions when the time for negotiation arrives. Ukraine may accept loss of territory but as long as they have a "stalemate" on the battlefield, they will not accept demilitarization. In 2014, when Crimea was annexed, Ukraine was in no position to militarily oppose the Russians so they had to sign a deal. Since 2014, they built up their army and it is paying off so far as they have extracted a high price from Russia in this war. They will want to continue to build up their forces so that Russia would not be tempted to restart the war to gain more territory.

As for Europe, NATO, and USA, they realize the line has to be drawn here so they will continue to supplies both military and economic aide to Ukraine because if Ukraine collapses the next target could be a NATO member. 

#StandWithUkraine

Read through the Bible in one-year, reflections part VII

In a typical read through the Bible plan, I know I struggle with the big chunk of material in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers that are filled with various minute details of the tabernacle, the garments, the sacrifices, and the numerous codes of conduct. 

#1

I think one perspective to keep in mind as we wade through these sections is the holiness of God. God is perfectly holy, and we are not. The laws are there to hold up a mirror to us to show us we are not holy. We not only fail to keep the letter of the law we fail to even uphold a fraction of the spirit of the law. These laws are in regard to our relationship to God. These laws are in regard to our relationship to each other. And we fall short on both fronts.

#2

Mixed in with all these laws that are a megaphone announcing the holiness of God are the provisions for us to be made right before God. We can’t be made right using our own methods, we need to follow the way set forth by God. Thus, the over-arching theme is God is holy, we are not, God has made a way to be restored, and we need to trust and obey God’s way of restoration. 

#3 

As such, we need to be careful as New Testament Christians how we talk about the Old Covenant. We should not talk down upon the Old Covenant. The stories of God's people who lived and walked in the Old Covenant like Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and others are illustrative of the human condition. They stumbled around a lot (we do to) and it was God's mercy and grace that picks them (and us) up!

So yes, the Old Covenant was well ... a certain way at a particular time. And, yes, the New Covenant is well … new! But the message is still the same: God is holy, we are not, God has made a way to be restored, and we need to trust and obey God’s way of restoration. In the New Covenant, the way is through trust and obedience to our Lord and King Jesus! The grace of God is the same, yesterday, today, and forever. Abraham needed grace. We need grace.

Jesus’ critique of the religious leaders of the time was that they missed the point of the Old Covenant. These religious leaders thought they kept the letter of the Law and that their birthright as the children of Abraham was enough. Regarding the letter of the Law, they under-estimated just how holy God actually is and thought more highly of their own holiness than actually warranted. As such, they also missed the spirit of the law:  God is holy, we are not, God has made a way to be restored, and we need to trust and obey God’s way of restoration. 

Anyway, these handholds have been a helpful 30,000 feet perspective for me. 

Keep reading!

Soli Deo Gloria!

Read through the Bible in one-year, reflections part VI

A large part of the “End Times” teaching from Jesus can be found in Matthew 24-25 with parallel passages in Mark 13 and Luke 21. Suffice to say there are differences in opinion about how to interpret these sections of the Gospels known as the Olivet Discourse. Additionally, Christians through the ages have tried to explain these verses along with discrete portions of teaching in the Apostolic letters that address these concerns. And, of course, there is the unusual book of Revelation that needs to be taken into account. 

#1 The one thing we can say about these teachings is that the timing is in God’s hands and people making claims about knowing when it is going to happen should be ignored. The notion of “signs of the times” that enable prediction needs to be view with skepticism. When taken in the scope of history, one could see these “signs of the times” at many times in human history. The spiritual reality is that the kingdom of God is breaking into the kingdoms of this world and when two geologic plates strike there will be seismic activity along that fault - signs of the times.

Another thing to consider is that while in some parts of the world, Christianity can be above ground, there are parts of the world where Christianity must survive underground. Which part of the world is seeing the “signs of the times” in terms of persecution? 

The reality is that spiritual struggles are happening everywhere. One could say in places where Christianity is above ground face different kinds of spiritual challenges compared to a place with outright persecution. The spiritual indifference due to materialism must be resisted as much as spiritual despair due to persecution. 

#2 When reading these Gospel passages, keep in mind not only the “end of times” perspective but also AD 70 which had not yet occurred when the disciples heard these teachings. In AD 70, Rome destroying the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem was a tremendous spiritual earthquake. Thus, when you read these verses, many of them would “fit” in the understanding of a Christian living in AD 71 having heard about or lived through the trauma of AD 70. 

One school of Bible interpretation (Preterist) says that all these verses were fulfilled in AD 70 while others (Partial Preterist) say some but not all were fulfilled by AD 70. Yet another school of thought (Futurist) says most of the verses haven’t been fulfilled yet. My view is that the Partial Preterists are onto something here. 

On a side note, in the USA, the idea of a pre-tribulation rapture is popular. In brief, this is the belief that Christians will depart from the earth into the presence of God prior to a terrible time of disaster on earth. There are honest and vigorous discussions over this point among committed Christians who take the Bible seriously. If one holds this view, one can read it into the Olivet teachings. However, if one does not hold this view, it isn’t at all clear one would come to that conclusion from reading Matthew 24-25 and related passages. 

 #3 Finally, the key thing to remember is that the ultimate victory belongs to God! God is on the move accomplishing His work in this world and we have the blessing and challenge to join into what God is doing. Our call is faithful endurance despite difficulties and generous love to all the people God brings into our lives. I think that is a message we could all agree upon when reading the Olivet teachings from Jesus. 

 Keep reading! 

Soli Deo Gloria!

Read through the Bible in one-year, reflections part V

As we proceed through the Old Testament in the reading plan, all of Genesis and the first half of Exodus are narrative. These are the stories of great pathos and the stuff of movies! When we hit Exodus 20 and the giving of the 10 Commandments, much of the remainder is what is known broadly as “the Law.” 

 #1 We need to start by defining our terms when we think about “the Law.” This concept is used to describe several different things, so we need to understand its different meanings. The various definitions are: 1) it is the 613 commandments as tallied by Jewish scholars; 2) it is the five books from Genesis to Deuteronomy; 3) it is the theology of the Old Testament; and 4) it can also refer to how the Jewish religious leaders at the time of Jesus and the early church interpreted and sometimes mis-interpreted the Law as mentioned in the first sense previously. When we are reading through Exodus and eventually Leviticus and so forth, we are largely thinking of meaning 1 and 3. 

#2 What are the Laws in the 613-commandment sense? They fall into three broad categories: moral law, civil law, and ritual law. For current day Jewish people, the ritual laws that pertain to Temple sacrifice are moot since as there is no longer a Temple and the civil laws don’t apply since whatever country a Jewish person lives in has its civil laws. The Jewish people who are very committed still observe some of the ritual laws. And, of course, the moral law still applies. Likewise, as Christians, the moral law is authoritative since they are largely restated in some form or another in the New Testament while the civil law and ritual law don’t apply. 

#3 What is the purpose of the Law? There are a number of them: 1) they make clear the the holiness of God; 2) they describe the provision of God for restoration and forgiveness when we inevitably fail to live up to the standards set by God; and 3) they point toward Jesus. 

Keep reading! 

Soli Deo Gloria!

Covid19 fatalities and median age of nations

Heard on a podcast that some hypothesize that many of the poorer countries have weathered Covid19 without too much trouble (unlike USA and Europe) because they have younger populations and thus they have relatively mild cases from the infection. Thought I'd take a quick look at the "Our World In Data" web page to see if that seems plausible. Am using the data listed as 2022-02-06 and from nations with at least 1 million people. 

The bar graph divides the nations into those with median population age < 30 (n=83) and > 30 (n=73) and takes the average per capita fatalities. Difference was p < .0001. 

As you can see, the average of per capita Covid19 deaths in nations with median age of population > 30 are higher compared to those nations with median age < 30.

The scatter graph is a simple linear regression and the R^2=0.3404 with a p < .0001 and this level of R^2 would be considered "moderate" strength by some statisticians.

Correlation of median age of nation (x-axis) with Covid19 per capita deaths (y-axis) shows an upward trend line indicated a positive correlation.

Of course correlation is not causation but we know from CDC data that majority of the fatalities in the USA have been in the older population as seen in the table.

 

Read through the Bible in one-year, reflections part IV

In a “read through the Bible in a year plan,” for the New Testament, we will likely be reading in the Gospels. 

#1 Each Gospel is about Jesus. Note how each Gospel starts by turning the spotlight onto Jesus in its own distinctive way. Matthew 1:1, “An account of the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham.” Mark 1:1, “The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.” Luke 1:1-3 “Since many have undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed on to us by those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word, I too decided, after investigating everything carefully from the very first, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may know the truth concerning the things about which you have been instructed.” John 1:1-5, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through him, and without him not one thing came into being. What has come into being in him was life, and the life was the light of all people. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it.” 

So right off the bat, when reading in the Gospel, a good question to ask is who is Jesus in the portion I just read? 

#2 There are Four Gospels. Many analogies have been made for the idea of Four Gospels but one Jesus: one musical score but different instruments playing, or one piece of music but four stereo speakers. There will be something we read in one Gospel, and it will move us in a particular way. We may run into that same teaching in another Gospel, and it will impact us in a different way as it is told in a slightly different way. Over repeated readings of the Gospels, we will be drawn to it in different ways. Using an art analogy, repeated viewing of a masterpiece will reveal new beauty each time. Using a music analogy, repeated listening of a masterpiece will reveal new beauty each time. 

#3 In Matthew, the kingdom of heaven (kingdom of God in other gospels) is a big feature of Matthew. On one hand, the kingdom of God is at hand but also, Jesus teaches the disciples to pray, “thy kingdom come.” From this, we get the idea of the kingdom is “already and not yet.” The kingdom teachings are particularly given in the five extended teaching sections of Jesus:

1. The Sermon on the Mount as the constitution of the kingdom of God (Mt. 5-7) 
2. The kingdom personnel on mission (Mt. 10) 
3. The parables describing the kingdom (Mt. 13) 
4. The relationships in the kingdom (Mt. 18) 
5. The near future (probably fulfilled in AD 70) and final future of the kingdom (Mt. 24-25) 

Keep reading! 

Soli Deo Gloria!

Read through the Bible in one-year, reflections part III

As part of “read the Bible in one year,” the New Testament part will likely begin with the Gospels. And, of course, with Matthew. Thus, what are some features to be alert to as we read the Gospels? 

#1 Take note of the way the Gospels point out that Jesus is the Messiah rooted in the work of God through the Jewish people. Recall that the earliest believers were Jewish; therefore, it was important to establish that Jesus was in accord with the Scriptures of what we now call the Old Testament. This “Jewishness” of Jesus is most noticeable in Matthew, but it is an aspect of the other three as well. Since many of us are Gentiles, this might not have as big an impact upon us. Nonetheless, this “Jewishness” shows the faithfulness of God as it traces back to God’s intention when He promised Abraham “I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing” back in Genesis 12:2. God is faithful to accomplish his plans!

#2 Jesus is our life! Perhaps, one of the most well-known parts of the Bible is Matthew 5:3-12. One might ask how are those who “are poor in spirit,” “mourn,” “are gentle,” “hunger and thirst for righteousness,” “are merciful,” “are pure in heart,” “are the peacemakers,” ”are persecuted for the sake of righteousness,” and “are insulted and persecuted” in any way “blessed?” They are blessed because they belong to Jesus! While those who are self-righteous, self-reliant, and self-interested will not follow. 

#3 As such, in light of item 2 above, take note of the encounters that Jesus has with people and how they respond. Some reject him and some accept him. What is quite striking is that the people who accept him were often the “outsiders” of that time. And the people who reject him were often the “insiders” of the time, in particular the religious authorities. These encounters basically ask the reader, are you going to accept Jesus or not? And they also ask, if I’m a follower of Jesus, how am I going to look at people who don’t know Him yet? Am I going to be like the religious authorities who trust their “insider-ness” looking down on others failing to see the grace of God is available to all who trust Him?

Keep reading! 

Soli Deo Gloria!

Read through the Bible in one-year, reflections part II

If you are following a “read through the Bible in one-year” plan, it is likely you have spent some time in Genesis! Genesis is “narrative” and there are certain things to keep in mind. By the way, scholars estimate that about 40% of the Bible is narrative. Narrative is a fancy SAT word for “story.” Stories are composed of plot (sequence of events/dialog), character(s), and setting(s). Examine the plot, characters, and settings and you can usually glean its significance and meaning. 

Thus, advice #1 as Greg Koukl (Stand to Reason) says, “Don’t read just a Bible verse.” 

The chapter and verse markings in the Bible according to Wikipedia were first put into Bibles back in the Sixteenth century. It is better to be reading discreet passages of the Bible. And in the case of Genesis and other narrative portions of the Bible, read the distinct collection of verses that form the story. For example, the Cain and Abel story is from Genesis 4:1-16. From this story you can get significance and meaning; for example, the challenge of facing temptation and cost of yielding to it. And if you read all the way to the end of it, do you get a hint of God’s mercy on Cain?

#2 The discreet stories sometimes point to a LARGER story. In the case of the Hebrew Bible, there is the larger story of what God was doing with his people (Abraham and his descendants). 

For example, you might wonder what to make of the lists of people in Genesis 10 and then in Genesis 11:10-32? What significance and meaning do the story of these two lists of people tell us?

Perhaps, two things. One is God’s timing. Looking at the list of Genesis 11, Shem is the first person on the list and Abram is the tenth in the genealogical sequence. 10 is the number of completion. Thus, perhaps, it is a way of saying in the plans of God, it was time to intervene by calling Abram. By the way, Matthew’s genealogy of Jesus is patterned on 14 generations where 7 is the number of perfection and completion multiplied by 2. Second, is it obvious from the list of people in Genesis 10, which line leads to Abram? His ancestors were buried in a list of names. Were you able to track them down? Perhaps, this is a way for the story to emphasis that God’s choice is totally grace!

#3 The discreet stories sometimes point to the EVEN LARGER story of God’s redemption plan to be fulfilled through Jesus. What to make of the story of Genesis 14? A bunch of tribal warlords fight with each other! I suppose one significance is don’t mess with God’s chosen people as Abram got his 318 guys together and became the first Army Ranger unit! The aftermath of the battle is the story of Abram meeting the mysterious Melchizedek. Does Melchizedek appear again in the Bible? He is referred to in Psalm 110, a Messianic Psalm that is the most frequently quoted in the New Testament! And Melchizedek forms the argument in the Book of Hebrews about Jesus as the ultimate perfect King-Priest. Thus, what at first glance appears to be an obscure cul-de-sac of a story is a big pointer to Jesus. 

Keep reading! 

Soli Deo Gloria!

Read through the Bible in one-year, reflections part I

Some of you may be giving the “Read through the Bible in a Year” resolution a try. Truth be told I have read through the whole Bible but never in one year! It is a challenge have taken up a handful of times and have run out of gas at various points during the year. 8-) 

Wanted to offer a few quick reflections on this spiritual discipline. 

#1 - Remember the goal is to be present with God. Reading and meditating on the Bible helps with our desire to focus on God. And so sometimes the Bible will be quite clear in what it is saying in terms of an encouragement or something that pokes our conscience. But sometimes, things might not be so clear and that is okay to - chew on it a bit, make a note of it, keep it in mind and come back to it another time. Whatever you come across in the reading, pray it back to God as prompted.

#2 -Consider listening to the Bible in addition to reading it. Remember, the experience of reading a personal copy of the Bible (printed or digital) is a very new innovation in human history. At one time, we had no digital Bibles on a phone or a tablet! At one time, a printed Bible was a luxury item. At one time, most people could NOT even read. For most of human history, Christians HEARD the Bible read to them. 

#3 - Talk to other believers about what you have read. Share what was comforting. Share what was awe inspiring. Share what was thought provoking. Share what was confusing. 

# # #

A quick share from reading so far: Genesis 4:26, "To Seth also a son was born; and he named him Enosh. Then people began to call upon the name of the Lord.” 

The “big story line” of the Bible is: Creation - Fall - Redemption. Along the way, especially in Genesis, there is a LOT of falling down and messing up! But along the way there are little glimmers of restoration. Have to say have probably read Genesis 4:26 any number of times over the years but for some reason it stuck out in this recent re-read. Yes, things were going bad with the Fall in Genesis 3 and the Cain and Abel story in Genesis 4 and Lamech’s brazen actions and words in Genesis 4 and the Flood is coming soon. But here in Genesis 4:26 some people were calling upon the name of the Lord. And so even when things were bleak, God was still working in some people and a remnant trusted Him even if many did not. Take heart and keep calling upon the name of the Lord!

Soli Deo Gloria!

LAFC and LA Galaxy miss the playoffs

LAFC and LA Galaxy have struggled. 

By any account, they had the goal of making the playoffs and not making it is a disappointment.

LAFC didn't have the services of Carlos Vela for much of the season.

LA Galaxy had Chicharito missing due to injury for a segment of the season. 

I follow LA Galaxy much more closely and my sense is that the midfield was the weakest link. The movement of the ball when LAG went on offense seemed at times to get stuck in the midfield. And because the LAG have an aggressive approach by their right and left backs, the midfield has to help on defense and sometimes that didn't happen.

Chicharito, when healthy, did a lot. 

But the supporting cast for the front line, Cabral, Grandsir, and Joveljic, had moments but wasn't the consistent presence hoped for.  

As for the best center-back pairing?

Hard to say, between Williams, DePuy, Coulibaly, and Steres, who was the best pairing.

By the end, it seemed Williams and DePuy was the preferred pairing.

Will see what moves are made for the 2022 season.

Foundation on Apple TV - thoughts up to episode 108

Read the books a very long time ago and the details of the books are quite faded. People had said the books could never be made to film as the story spans centuries and character appear and disappear quickly. Thus, any adaptation to TV/film had to make adjustments and the show runners and writer's room have done so.

Have watched the first 8 episodes.

What do you think so far 8 episodes in? 

Spoiler free portion: the pace has picked up for the better and Lee Pace is the most interesting actor in this show’s galaxy. The story arc around the cloned emperors and their long time adviser Demerzel has been the strongest. The Salvor Hardin and Gaal Dornick arcs have been moving in fits and starts. The writer’s room has a lot of balls in the air and where do they take them to set up season 2? 

Spoiler containing comments below.

3

2

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My reaction so far has been mixed. With serialized story telling, you know they are putting out little bread crumbs here and there but as such the pacing is very uneven. Episode 7 moved things along nicely but many of the episodes leading up to it dragged on.

As with many science fiction shows there are "philosophy of mind" plot points. In the show, there is a discussion about whether clones have souls as highlighted by one faction in the Luminist religion. Whether is is a true "in universe" doctrinal point or whether it is a convenient political point by that faction's leader to justify opposition to the cloned emperors is hard to say.

Would clones have "souls?"

In one sense, clones are like identical twins except separated by age. No one who believes in the existence of souls would question whether identical twins have souls and as such would say future hypothetical cloned humans have souls.

The other "soul" question is in regards to the status of Hari Seldon's hologram. If I heard the dialog correctly, his thoughts were collected by a device and then transferred to a computer onboard his spacecraft. If all the functions of his mind can be transferred to a computer device then it would seem the writer's room believes the mind is purely a physical phenomena whether is it mechanical computer system or the biological computer of the brain. In which case there are no souls to transfer to a new body by either reincarnation or resurrection. However, the hologram does seem "glitchy." That could be due to a problem in the computer or there is more to Seldon's soul than just the electronic processes transferred from his biological brain to a computer processing/memory core or electronic "brain."

Of course, there is also the question of whether Demerzel, a robot, has a soul. The Luminist leader who called the cloned emperor soul-less seemed to think so!

Another interesting thing the writers are trying to do is portray the role of religion in an obviously high technology Galaxy spanning empire. The trope is normally that with the advance of science and technology, religious thought would disappear. However, the writers have largely placed the religions (the rulers on Synax and the Luminists) of the series in the context of their political influence as plot points. Observers of culture believe religious adherence is not likely to disappear as it provides a context for big picture questions of WHY while science and technology are good at How and What questions. And so in the show, the details of these faiths are sketched only to the level of detail needed to justify their political actions. Episode 8 is the ultimate example, where the emperor subverts, in a bold gamble, the religious ritual of the Luminists for his political ends proving his “soul” is a very dark and self-serving one.

Episode 8 can spur a conversation about the significance of religious ritual and the value of a “spectacular” religious experience. Religious faith is comprised of at least 4 components: beliefs (how and why thing are the way they are), a moral code, a community of fellow believers, and ritual (practices that advance the previous 3 aspects). 

And so the big story line in Episode 8 is the emperor going to the Spiral Pilgrimage. In the story, 50% of the pilgrims die in the ritual. My perspective is that religious faith calls its adherents to live out their faith as a lifestyle and that it may cost them in their lives literally (outright persecution) or figuratively (disadvantaged social minorities). However, carrying out a specific religious ritual to the point of death is not equal to a lifestyle.   

The other observation I’d make is that spectacular religious experiences are not required for authentic faith. Moses saw a burning bush but most believers have not had such dramatic experiences and yet would one doubt their commitment to belief? And so the dramatic conclusion of episode 8 says little actually about genuine belief and is mostly about the extent of the power hungry self-centeredness (in an old fashioned word, sinfulness) of the emperor.

Swedish Soccer Season Nearing Its Conclusion

The season began with Elfsborg in the top league and Falkenberg in the second league.

The top league is usually dominated by Malmo (21 titles) with clubs from the other big cities like Gothenburg (18) and Stockholm (AIK, 13; and Djurgarden, 12) also competitive. Norrkoping (13) and Elfsborg (in the city of Boras has won 6 times) have punched above their city sizes and have won some championships. 

As an Elfsborg fan, the expectations is that in a typical year they would be mid-table but with an outside chance at getting to play in Europe (need to finish in the top 3).  And every few years, there could be some excitement about them winning the whole thing.

This is one of those years! 

5 matches to go! Can they catch Malmo?

As for Falkenberg, they have definitely punched above their weight by even making it into the top league after spending their history in the lower leagues. Thus, when they got relegated, the hope was they could bounce back up but the town is just 28 thousand people and it is very hard to keep good players on their budget. This year has been very difficult and they are looking at relegation (15th or 16th place) down to the third tier where they haven't been since 2002. They have 4 matches left and are 6 points from relegation playoffs (positions 13 and 14).

I also follow Vasteras SK. The city is actually the sixth largest in Sweden but the football club doesn't have much of a history of success. They are currently in the second tier but have spent many seasons in the third level of the soccer pyramid and were in the top league back in 1997. They are in the top part of the bottom half of the league and only 2 points away from relegation playoffs. At the moment, 7 clubs have anywhere from 30 to 33 points and occupy positions 8 to 14 in the table. 

Anyway, these are the clubs I follow since I married into a Swedish family!

International Travel in COVID19 Era

Recently, went on my first international trip since 2019, a time before Covid19 came to dominate the world situation.

In the Covid19 era for travel, be sure to check all the information (1) provided by the airline you are flying on and (2) from the government web pages of the nations you will be flying to and transiting through. What is below was the situation in August of 2021.

In our case, our final destination was Sweden and we had an airplane change in Germany. 

At the time of the trip, the Covid19 case rates of the USA was about 10-times higher than Germany and 5-times higher than Sweden.

In order to board the plane at LAX, a negative Covid19 test was required. In this case, an antigen test was sufficient. I obtained the test at Clarity Mobile Labs. The test site was at Tom Bradley International Terminal and results were obtained in a little over 30 minutes in the form of an email with a link to a PDF which I screen captured on my phone. Their goal is to get the results by 1 hour. Be sure to check which test is accepted by the international authorities you will encounter on the trip. Both Germany and Sweden accept antigen test results. The Lufthansa check-in personal asked for it before issuing the boarding pass.

When we arrived in Frankfurt, Germany, the border authority there asked for proof of vaccination. I had on my phone the QR code provided by the LA County through Healthvana. I also had the QR code from the California Department of Public Health. And finally, I had a photograph of my CDC vaccine card and the actual card. I showed my LA County QR.

When we arrived in Stockholm, Sweden, the border officer asked to see the negative Covid19 test document. Sweden wants the test to be performed 48 hours or less prior to arrival. 

For the return to the USA, the US requires a negative Covid19 test to be performed 72 hours or less prior to arrival in the US. We obtained the test on the morning of the flight through Genetika location at a hotel at the airport at 4AM! The test was again an antigen test as the US accepts them. We got the results while waiting in the check-in line about 15 minutes after the test. The Lufthansa personnel examined them and issued boarding passes when it was our turn.

When we arrived in Frankfurt, Germany, the border authority there asked for evidence of a negative Covid19 test. When we arrived at LAX, the border authorities did not ask to see these documents.

In terms of what it was like at LAX, face coverings were in evidence at a high percentage. The same was true at Frankfurt airport. The majority of people had them at the Stockholm airport but not to the same degree as LAX and Frankfurt.

The CDC guidance for international travelers and their return to US can be seen in this info graphic.